Repair at Unknown File System

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD.
At the first R=Repair option, press the R key
Press the number that corresponds to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to repair.
Typically this will be #1
Enter in the administrator password when requested
Enter in the CHKDSK command for system drive.
Take out the CD ROM and type exit

Repair Install/ Repair WindowsXP

If XP is corrupted to the point where none of the previous solutions get it to boot,
you can do a Repair Install that might work as well as keep the current settings.
Make sure you have your valid WindowsXP key.
The whole process takes about half an hour depending on your computer
If you are being prompted for the administrator's password, you need to choose the 2nd repair option, not the first.

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD
At the second R=Repair option, press the R key
This will start the repair
Press F8 for I Agree at the Licensing Agreement
Press R when the directory where WindowsXP is installed is shown. Typically this is C:\WINDOWS
It will then check the C: drive and start copying files
It will automatically reboot when needed. Keep the CD in the drive.
You will then see the graphic part of the repair that is like during a normal install of XP (Collecting Information, Dynamic Update, Preparing Installation, Installing Windows, Finalizing Installation)
When prompted, click on the Next button
When prompted, enter your XP key
Normally you will want to keep the same Workgroup or Domain name
The computer will reboot
Then you will have the same screens as a normal XP Install
Activate if you want (usually a good idea)
Register if you want (but not necessary)
Finish
At this point you should be able to log in with any existing accounts.

NTOSKRNL Missing or Corrupt

If you get an error that NTOSKRNL not found:

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD.
At the first R=Repair option, press the R key
Press the number that corresponds to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to repair.
Typically this will be #1
Change to the drive that has the CD ROM.
CD i386
expand ntkrnlmp.ex_ C:\Windows\System32\ntoskrnl.exe
If WindowsXP is installed in a different location, just make the necessary change to C:\Windows
Take out the CD ROM and type exit

HAL.DLL Missing or Corrupt

If you get an error regarding a missing or corrupt hal.dll file, it might simply be the BOOT.INI file on the root of the C: drive that is misconfigured

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD.
At the first R=Repair option, press the R key
Press the number that corresponds to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to repair.
Typically this will be #1
Type bootcfg /list to show the current entries in the BOOT.INI file
Type bootcfg /rebuild to repair it
Take out the CD ROM and type exit

Corrupted or Missing \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG

If you get the error:
Windows could not start because the following files is missing or corrupt
\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM or \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SOFTWARE

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD.
At the first R=Repair option, press the R key
Press the number that corresponds to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to repair.
Typically this will be #1
Enter in the administrator password when requested
cd \windows\system32\config
Depending on which section was corrupted:
ren software software.bad or ren system system.bad
Depending on which section was corrupted
copy \windows\repair\system
copy \windows\repair\software
Take out the CD ROM and type exit

NTLDR or NTDETECT.COM Not Found

If you get an error that NTLDR is not found during bootup,

If you have FAT32 partitions, it is much simpler than with NTFS.
Just boot with a Win98 floppy and copy the NTLDR or NTDETECT.COM files
from the i386 directory to the root of the C:\ drive.

For NTFS:

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD.
At the first R=Repair option, press the R key
Press the number that corresponds to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to repair.
Typically this will be #1
Enter in the administrator password when requested
Enter in the following commands (X: is replaced by the actual drive letter that is assigned to the CD ROM drive.
COPY X:\i386\NTLDR C\:
COPY X:\i386\NTDETECT.COM C:\
Take out the CD ROM and type exit

5 Ways To Clone & Copy Your Hard Drive

One of the most annoying things about owning a computer is the maintenance. It’s easily neglected. After all you don’t really notice the slow decline of your system’s performance, do you?

But then again it’s a delight to work on a freshly installed machine, where everything is smooth and responds quickly. But customization is tedious. And when your hard drive decides to break spontaneously, time is something you won’t have for sure.

For emergencies it’s better you have a data and a system backup available. Here are the 5 best tools to clone or copy your hard drive in no particular order.

Paragon’s Drive Backup Express (Windows)

This software is the easy solution to clone your hard drive . It’s comfortable to use with a sleek interface that guides you through the whole process of backing up and restoring step by step. And while a backup is running in the background you can even proceed using your system.

Both Drive Backup Express and DriveImage XML (described below) require a bootable CD, which the user has to create independently.

I have previously written about Drive Backup Express and thoroughly explained how it works here.

DriveImage XML (Windows)

In contrast to Drive Backup Express, DriveImage XML is a visually very basic tool. However, it reliably creates images of logical drives and partitions and restores these to either the originating or a different hard disk.

Like Drive Backup Express, DriveImage XML applies a cloning technique that allows parallel use of the system while the backup is running. It can also do incremental backups, supplementing existing backups with what was changed in the meantime. Additionally, images can be restored without having to reboot.

CloneZilla (cross platform)

CloneZilla is an open source and cross platform tool to make a copy of a hard drive and also to restore them afterwards.

It’s a tough tool for non nerds as it requires some background knowledge. First of all it’s not a software you install on your computer. You download CloneZilla in form of an ISO image or ZIP file and burn the image to a CD or load the files onto a USB flash drive or hard drive.

The next step is to reboot the computer from that medium you created, which may require going into the BIOS and allow booting from a CD or USB device.

Once the tool is running, it’s easy to use the simple interface to initiate or restore a backup. There also is sort of a screenshot walkthrough on the CloneZilla homepage, where you can view some of the options before running the tool.

XXCLONE (Windows)

XXCLONE is Windows software. The tool can create a self-bootable clone of a Windows drive as well as full backups of non-system volumes. Basically, it can make a hard drive image.

The interface is basic and clear. When started, the tool scans for available volumes and you can then choose a source and target volume from these. A direct link to the Windows Disk Management is provided through the “diskmgmt” button. Under the “Tool Cools” tab you can make use of options such as making the target volume self-bootable, manage restore points or create a batch file to save your current settings for future re-use.

The download section of the website provides a thorough help file that contains screenshots and descriptions of all features.

EASEUS Disk Copy (cross platform)

EASEUS Disk Copy creates sector by sector clones of partitions or hard disks, independent of operating system, file systems or partition scheme. It’s a versatile tool for both the novice and experienced user.

Just like CoolZilla, it’s not installed locally, rather the ISO image is burned to a bootable CD or DVD.

The website is probably the best of all tools described here. The information is thorough and very clear, including a very detailed help section that will walk you through every aspect of the program.

Do you clone and copy your hard drive? If so, which program do you use? Can you recommend any particular program to us? Let us know in the comments.

How to Remove an Administrator Password in Windows XP

Insert your Windows XP CD into your CD drive and boot your computer. If you receive the message "press any key to boot from CD," press any key.
Press Enter to setup Windows. After accepting the license agreement, you wil be asked if you want start a Repair process.
Press R to begin the Repair process. Setup will now check your disks and then start copying files, which can take several minutes. After this, reboot. Let the computer boot normally (do not press a key to boot from CD).
Keep your eye on the lower left hand side of the screen. When you see the Installing Devices progress bar, press SHIFT + F10. This will open a command line console.
Type NUSRMGR.CPL at the prompt and press Enter. This will give you access to User Accounts. Remove or change your password. Write it down! After the repair is finished, you will be able to log on with your new password.

How to Remove Faronics Deep Freeze 6 in Three Different Ways

Faronics DeepFreeze is a very powerful application. It virtually prevents all unwanted changes in your computer by freezing an entire hard drive or partition without restricting user access. Deep Freeze is perfect for work stations and is commonly used as a security software to maintain system integrity without sacrificing user experience. Due to this, it is completely logical for the application’s makers to impose a bit of security on to it. The Developers apparently have removed access to any Deep Freeze uninstall utility or procedure because it imposes threat on the software’s purpose.

This security feature may sound quite appealing, however some users that wants Deep Freeze removed are left hanging and does not know where to start on how to uninstall Deep freeze from their system. In this post I will be showing you three different ways to uninstall or remove Faronics Deep Freeze in your system. I will be using the latest version 6.2 of Deep Freeze Standard as an example.

Disable Faronics DeepFreeze

The first way is simple. All you you have to do is disable DeepFreeze using the program’s interface. Disabling it is actually good as uninstalling, as the program no longer interferes with your system as you make changes to it. Unless, you decide to re-enable it in the future. To disable Deep Freeze, all you have to is double click while pressing the shift key (shift + double click) on the Deep Freeze system tray icon [], which is located in the lower right hand corner of your screen. After doing so, you then see a new window (see image below), which prompts you to enter a password. If you have a custom password then you may enter it accordingly, if you have not set any password yet then try pressing “OK“.

After entering the correct password, you will be directed to another window (see image below), which shows you several options for configuring Deep Freeze. To disable Deep Freeze, all you have to do is select the “Boot Thawed” option and click “Apply and Reboot“. This will reboot your system, so it is important for you to make sure that you have saved all unsaved work before restarting.

You have just disabled Deep Freeze! And you are free to make any changes on your system without worrying Deep Freeze changing your system. By the way, you can always re-enable Deep Freeze by repeating the whole process and selecting the “Boot Frozen” option in the window shown above.

I personally use this step. I find this very practical because I test a lot softwares and I really don’t want them adding unwanted files into my system. After I have tested an application, all I have to do is restart my system and every bit of that software is removed!

Disable All Faronics Deep Freeze Services

The second way to uninstall DeepFreeze involves the first procedure above plus another added step. While the procedure above may be enough, it still shows an icon of Deep Freeze [] in your system tray. This icon is completely useless, it only indicates that you have deep freeze in your system and the red x means that it is disabled. To remove this icon all you have to do is disable the Deep Freeze service from the start-up. You can do this by typing the command services.msc in the run dialog box. Once you are in the services window, locate the service name DFserv and right click on it and select properties (refer to image below).

After clicking properties, stop and disable the service. Refer to the image below for instructions. Note that a restart is needed for changes to take effect on your system.

After restarting, at this point you no longer have any Deep Freeze service or application running at the background of your system. Also the system Deep Freeze Icon should be gone. You are still able re-enable Deep Freeze by reversing the whole process.

Completely Remove Deep Freeze

If you really need to completely remove Deep Freeze from your system then you must complete the first step, which is to Disable Faronics Deep Freeze . Restart your computer. After restarting locate the Deep Freeze installer [] and run it, it should prompt the whole removal process and all you have to do is follow the steps. I have provided screen-shots below to further assist you.

Click Next…

Click Uninstall and you’re done.

There, I just taught you how to remove/disable Deep Freeze in three different ways. Feel free to choose which method suites you best. If you have any questions or suggestions, feel free to post your comments below. Good Luck!

How to Uninstall Deep Freeze 6.0 Without Password

Unlike DeepFreeze older that version 6.0, on the Deep-freeze 6.xx there no smart software to disable or uninstall this Deep Freeze version without password. On the previous version of Deep Freeze you can hacked the software using “Deep Freeze Unfreezer” but the software useless on DeepFreeze v.6. Before formating your hardisk and lose your data why not do the method below. You can disable or uninstall DeepFreeze 6 without password and do not need reformat your hardisk.

Here the small tricks to disable or unintal Deep Freeze ver 6 without password:

Boot your computer from Windows XP Installer
After appear “Enter to Setup” option, Press Enter then press F8.
Selected R to repair Windows system ( Repair Setup)
Continue repairing/installing windows untill finish.
Prepare the Deepfreeze v.6 installed, open the file like you want to install the software.
it’s will show “Uninstall Deep-freeze” options. Uninstall the software, after uninstall finished reboot your computer.
Now the Deep-freeze has removed from your computer.

Note: I tested this method on Windows XP only, on another windows version maybe this method does not work.

Common Troubleshooting Techniques & Strategies

The following article is based on years of experience. It is provided as a free service to our customers and visitors. However, Directron.com is not responsible for any damage as a result of following any of this advice.

Copying the contents for commercial purposes is strictly prohibited without Directron.com's written consent. However, you are welcome to distribute these computer support tips free to your friends and associates as long as it's not for commercial purposes and you acknowledge the source. You are permitted and encouraged to create links to this page from your own web site.

Here are five common-sense techniques and strategies to solve common computer hardware problems.

(1) Trial-and-error

Personal computers are highly modular by design. The most powerful trouble-shooting technique is to isolate the problem to a specific component by trial-and-error. Swap compatible components and see if the system still works. Try different peripherals on different machines and see if the same problem occurs. Make one change at a time.

(2) "It's the cable, s-----."

More than 70% of all computer problems are related to cabling and connections. Ensure all cables are connected firmly. IDE and floppy ribbon cables and power cables can often go loose. Ensure microprocessor, memory modules, and adapters such as video card and sound card are inserted correctly and didn't "pop-up" during transportation.

(3) Don't be frustrated!

Don't be afraid of computer problems. It is often the best opportunity to learn. Trouble-shooting is part of the fun of owning a computer. Imagine the satisfaction you could get by solving a problem yourself.

Of course the fun could ran out quickly once you are frustrated and have spent too much time on the same problem. If you feel frustrated, it's time to leave it for a while and go back with some new ideas or call someone who can help. Rule of thumb: You shouldn't spend more than three hours on the same problem at one time.

(4) Take notes!

Take notes of what you have done and all the error messages. You may need to use them later. For instance, when you see an unusual blue screen with an error message, copy the entire message onto a piece of paper. In many situations, that message may point to the right direction in getting the problem solved quickly.

(5) Take a look?

It's OK to open a computer case and take a look inside. There is only 5V and 12V DC voltage supplied to the components outside the power supply. Those who have never seen the inside of a computer are often amazed by how simple it looks. Of course, still always power down and unplug the power cord first.

How to Maintain a Computer System?

If you use your computer more than a few hours per day, we suggest you not to turn off your computer at the end of the day. Instead turn off only the monitor to save electricity. Daily power up and down makes the components exposed to high and low temperature cycles that are not good for the life-time of the components, particularly the critical ones such as hard drives, CPU, and memory. The temperature cycle would result in expansion-shrinking cycle for the components. The life-time of electronic components would be increased if they are run at constant temperature with adequate ventilation.

If your area experiences a few times of power outage per year, it is necessary to use a UPS. Sudden power downs while the system is running may cause severe damage to hard drives.

A tape backup and a lock to make systems hard to move are worthy investment for critical data.

Use your hand to touch and feel the cover of your computer at least once a week. The cover should be at room temperature. If it feels warm there may be a problem! Check to make sure that the cooling fans on the power supply and CPU are working properly. Clean the air pathway on the back of the power supply on a regular basis.

Here are some sites on the same or related topics: System Optimization Information, reviews, and much more.

Troubleshooting Tips for Cases and Power Supplies

The following advises are based on many years of experience. They are provided as a free service to our customers and visitors. However, Directron.com is not responsible for any damage as a result of following any of these tips. You are welcome to distribute these guides free to your friends and associates for personal usage as long as Directron.com is clearly identified as the source. Use of these guides without written permission by Directron.com on business web sites and/or for commercial purposes is strictly not allowed.

The most important part of a computer case is its power supply. Unfortunately, it's also the part that has most of the problems for a case. There are two situations when a new power supply may appear dead on arrival (DOA) when they are actually working as described below:

Most cases and power supplies these days are made and tested in China and other Asian countries where 220V electricity is used. Desktop computer power supplies do not switch the power voltage automatically. (Most notebook computers do!) If the factory forgets to turn the manual switch back to 110V for the North American market after testing, the power supply would appear DEAD if you use on a 110V-outlet. Therefore, always check the voltage setting on the back of a new power supply FIRST if it appears dead.

Do not expect an ATX power supply to work by simply plugging the power and turning on the switch. ATX power supplies are soft-switched on and off by the motherboard and BIOS. Therefore, you must plug it to a working motherboard with a working microprocessor, memory and video card to work. If your computer does not turn on after you turn on the power switch, it may not necessarily mean a dead power supply. The problem might be with the motherboard, microprocessor, memory or video card instead. You must examine all these components to isolate the problem.

The most effective technique to tell if a power supply is causing any problem is to use a different one to see if it solves the problem. If everything works with a different power supply, then the new power supply is most likely the troublemaker. Alternatively, you can plug the new power supply to an existing, working computer to see if it works there.

Computer cases are highly modular. If your computer case is still under warranty, you don't have to send the entire case back if only one part of it is defective. For instance, send only the power supply back for exchange if only power supply is dead. The same is true for the face panel and cover. This would save you quite a bit of shipping and sometimes downtime.

More than 70% of all computer problems are related to cabling and connections. Ensure that you all the power plugs are connected firmly, including power connections to your motherboard and all the drives.

Make sure the cooling fan inside the power supply is working all the time. Reach out to feel the fan behind your case often. Clean the fan if necessary. If your case feels warmer than room temperature, check the power supply fan first. Most power supply fans are difficult to replace. You are better off to replace the entire power supply since the new one comes with a brand-new warranty.

Before ATX form factor became popular, the compatibility between a power supply and a specific motherboard could be problematic. However, this problem nowadays does not happen very often any more.

The rest of a case is mostly mechanical. You should be able to find a way to get around most of the problems if you are mechanically inclined.

Trouble Shooting Tips after Installing a New Hard Drive

Basic Troubleshooting Tips after Installing a New Hard Drive

Based on Seagate IDE hard drives.

If you have installed your drive and it does not function properly, perform the following basic checks:

Warning: Always turn off the computer before changing jumpers or unplugging cables and cards. Wear a ground strap or use other antistatic precautions while working on your computer or handling your drive.

Verify compatibility. Verify that the host adapter and drive are appropriately matched to each other and to your computer. Refer to the relevant documentation for details.

Check all cards. Verify that all cards are seated in their slots on the motherboard and secured with mounting screws.

Check all connectors and cables. Make sure all ribbon and power cables are securely connected. Ribbon cables are easily damaged, especially at the connector. Try a new cable that you know is good. Make sure no connector pins are bent. Verify that pin 1 on the interface cable is aligned with pin 1 on the drive and host adapter (see Figure 2 on page 6).

Verify jumper settings. Review the instructions in this guide and in your host adapter installation guide. Make sure all appropriate jumpers are installed or removed as necessary.

Check your power-supply specifications. Each time you add a new device to your computer, make sure your cornputer's internal power supply can support the total power demand. If necessary, consult your dealer for a new power supply.

Verify the drive-type settings in the system setup program. The drive-type settings in the system BIOS must not exceed the physical specifications of your drive. Also, the settings must not exceed the limitations set by the operating system and BIOS.

Check for viruses. Before you use someone else's diskette in your system for the first time, scan the diskette for viruses.

Additional Troubleshooting Tips

If you have performed the preceding basic checks but the problem persists, follow these guidelines for troubleshooting specific cases:

After you install your new drive, your computer will not boot, and no error message appears on the screen.

The screen remains blank when you power up the system.

The system does not recognize the drive.

The dealer partitioned and formatted the drive for you in the store, but the drive does not respond when you install it.

The system hangs in FDISK or fails to create or save the partition record.

The system error message, "Drive not Ready," appears.

The FDISK error message, "No Fixed Disk Present," appears.

The drive does not format to full capacity.

The DOS message "Disk Boot Failure," "Non-System Disk" or "No ROM Basic - SYSTEM HALTED" appears.

The system error message, "HDD controller failure" appears.

After you install your new drive, your computer will not boot, and no error message appears on the screen.

Check your computer manual or BIOS manufacturer to determine whether your BIOS supports drives that have more than 4,092 cylinders. If your system has this limitation, use the following procedure to configure your computer:

Turn off your computer, open the case, and remove your new drive.

CAUTION: To avoid electrostatic discharge damage to your computer or hard drive, make sure you are well grounded before touching the drive, cable, connector or jumpers.

Move the jumper on the alternate-capacity jumper, as shown in Figure 6. This causes the drive to appear to your BIOS as having a 2.1-Gbyte capacity (4,092 cylinders, 16 heads, 63 sectors per track). You may need third-party partitioning software, such as Disk Manager, to achieve full capacity of the drive.

Remount your drive in the computer and replace the computer cover.

Insert a bootable system diskette into drive A and turn on the computer. It should boot from drive A and automatically detect the new drive as a 2.1 -Gbyte drive.

Insert your DiscWizard diskette into drive A and type A:XDM. Then press ENTER. This runs the Disk Manager program.

Follow the Disk Manager instructions to install the dynamic drive overlay and to partition and format your new drive to its full capacity.

After Disk Manager is done, reboot your system. You should see the Disk Manager banner and be able to access the full capacity of your new drive.

The screen remains blank when you power up the system.

If the steps listed above do not remedy this problem, try the following:

Make sure the monitor is plugged in and turned on.

Check all cards.

Make sure the video card is seated in its slot and secured with mounting screws.

Turn off the computer and remove the drive host adapter. If the screen turns on after you reboot, the host adapter may be incompatible or defective. If so, see your dealer.

The system does not recognize the drive.

Check all cables.

Make sure the power supply is adequate for system needs.

Reboot the computer and listen to make sure the drive motor starts up. If the drive is very quiet, it may be difficult to hear its discs reach operating speed. If the drive motor does not start up, recheck all drive cables.

Verify that for each drive, a drive-type is listed in the system setup program.

Try rebooting your computer by pressing the CTRL, ALT and DELETE keys simultaneously. If the drive is recognized after you reboot the system, the computer BIOS test may be completing before the drive is ready.
One solution is to slow the processor speed during startup. If your computer has a turbo switch, set it to slow speed before turning the computer on. If there is no turbo switch, you may be able to use keyboard commands; see your computer manual for details. After the computer is up and running, return the processor to the fast speed.
Another solution is to warm-boot your computer after every power-on.

Check for I/O address conflicts. To isolate the conflict, verify that the drive and host adapter are compatible with your computer. Turn off the computer and remove all the peripheral adapter cards except for the video card and host adapter. If the computer recognizes the drive when you reboot the computer, turn off the computer. Reinstall the other peripheral cards, one at a time, until the conflict reoccurs. After you have isolated the source of the address conflict, you can resolve the conflict by changing the 1/0 address of the peripheral that appears to cause the conflict.

If Disk Manager has installed the DDO on your hard drive and you have booted directly from a diskette, the information in the boot record for the drive may not have been loaded. Make sure there is no diskette in drive A and reboot. If you want to boot from the diskette, follow the "Booting with a Diskette" instructions under "Advanced Disk Manager Options" on page 20.

The dealer partitioned and formatted the drive for you in the store, but the drive does not respond when you install it.

Reboot the computer and make sure the drive spins up.

Check all cables.

Make sure the power supply is adequate for system needs.

Make sure the DOS or Windows version the dealer used to partition and format the drive is the same version you have installed in your computer. If it isn't, see your dealer.

Verify the drive-type values in the system setup program. You must install the drive using the same drive-type values your dealer used to partition the drive.

Check for 1/0 address conflicts between peripheral cards.

Check for viruses.

The system hangs in FDISK or fails to create or save the partition record.

Check all cables.

Your setup system diskette may be corrupted. Try using a backup diskette.

Make the partitions smaller.

Change the interrupt jumper setting on the host adapter.

Some BIOS have a Track 0 protection feature that protects Track 0 from viruses. This may cause FDISK to hang the system. You must disable this feature in the system setup program before you can use FDISK. See your computer reference guide for assistance. Be sure to re-enable this important feature when FDISK is done.

The system error message, "Drive not Ready," appears.

Check all cable connections. Make sure pin 1 of the drive is connected to pin 1 of the hard-disc controller or host adapter.

Make sure the power supply is adequate for system needs.

Reboot the computer and make sure the drive spins up.

The FDISK error message, "No Fixed Disk Present," appears.

Make sure the power supply is adequate for system needs.

Verify the drive-type values in the system setup program.

Check for 1/0 address conflicts.

The drive does not format to full capacity.

Verify the drive-type values in the system setup program. One of the following problems may have occurred:

The values may be set with an incorrect translation characteristic.

You may have entered a parameter value that exceeds the physical capacity of the drive.

You entered a translation characteristic that does not take full advantage of the drive's capacity.

The drive's physical specifications exceed the translation limits imposed by the BIOS.

CAUTION: If you change the drive-type values in the system setup program, you must partition and format the drive again. This erases data on the drive.

If you have partitioned the drive into individual logical drives, you may need to make the partitions smaller to access the full drive capacity.

If your computer supports LBA mode, you may need to enable LBA mode in the system setup program to access the full capacity of the drive. Refer to your computer's reference guide to find out how to enable LBA.

Your computer may not support drives that have more than 4,092 cylinders. Follow the instructions on page 25 for After you install your new drive, your computer will not boot, and no error message appears on the screen.

The DOS message "Disk Boot Failure," "Non-System Disk" or "No ROM Basic - SYSTEM HALTED" appears.

Reinstall the DOS system files using the DOS SYS utility.

Check all cables.

Use FDISK to verify that the primary partition is active.

Check for viruses.

The system error message, "HDD controller failure" appears.

Confirm the jumper settings on the drive.

Verify the drive-type settings in the system setup program.

Troubleshooting Tips for a New Network CardThe following advises are based on many years of experience. They are provided as a free service to our cus

Troubleshooting Tips for a New Sound CardThe following advises are based on many years of experience. They are provided as a free service to our custo

Trouble Shooting Tips after Installing a New Video Card

The following advises are based on many years of experience. They are provided as a free service to our customers and visitors. However, Directron.com is not responsible for any damage as a result of following any of these advises. You are welcome to distribute these tips free to your friends and associates as long as it's not for commercial purposes.

The following troubleshooting tips may help if you experience problems.

Check that the card is seated properly in its expansion slot. Some AGP cards have design flaws and are "well-known" to "pop out" during transportation. For PCI cards, if the problem still exists, try a difference PCI expansion slot.

Ensure the display cable is securely fastened to the card's display connector.

Make sure that the display and computer are plugged in and receiving power.

If necessary, disable any built-in graphics capabilities on your motherboard. For more information, see your computer's manual.

Make sure you selected the appropriate display device and graphics card when you installed your enhanced driver.

If you have problems during start-up, start your computer in Safe Mode. In Windows 98, press the F8 key when "Starting Windows 98" appears; or, in Windows 98, press and hold the CTRL key until the Windows 98 Startup Menu appears on the screen. Then select the number for Safe Mode, and press Enter.

Fax/Modem Troubleshooting Tips

The following general-purpose advises are provided as a free service to our customers and visitors. Actual procedure may vary among brands. Read your product user manual carefully before any work. Directron.com is not responsible for any damage as a result of following any of these advises. You are welcome to distribute these tips free to your friends and associates as long as it's not for commercial purposes.

My modem is a 56K, but I can connect to the Internet only at slower speed.
The current copper wired telephone lines are limited only to about 53K. If you are connected only to 33.6 or 28.8K, check the following first:

Is your modem compatible with the modem used at your ISP?

Is your modem set up to run at full speed?

What's the maximum speed your ISP allows?

How far away are you from your ISP?

Some modems need special initiation strings to get full speed.

Some conditions are out of your control, such as weather and conditions of the telephone lines in your community.

Problems may occur when you are dialing through a phone system such as one in a hotel.

Modem answers incoming calls and then returns to the on-hook condition, disconnecting the caller:
This occurs most often when connecting to a UNIX system. In most case, the host does not prefer to see any result or command echo codes. If this is the case, the codes can be disabled by adding E0 Q1 to the modem configuration string.

The modem dials and appears to complete the connection, but the communications software does not enter the correct mode. (The screen remains blank)
This is normally caused by an I/O address or IRQ conflict. Verify that the COM port is not in use by any other serial device and if necessary use another COM port or I/O address settting. Refer to your computer manual on how to determine what serial ports are installed.

The modem dials and appears to complete the connection, but the communications software does not enter the correct mode. (The screen remains blank)

There may be an I/O conflict (see the solution for the previous problem).

The Result Codes may have been disabled by the software configuration set up. Check if Q1 is in the configuration or initialization string. If so, change it to Q0.

Your software may require numeric result codes rather than verbal result codes. Use either V0 for numeric result codes or V1 for verbal result codes in your initiazation or configuration string.

Some software require full extended result codes (i.e., CONNECT 33600 instead of CONNECT). This can be controlled by the Xn command. X0 sends a summarized code (CONNECT) and X4 sends a full extended code (CONNECT 33600)

The modem does not auto answer
The auto answer mode is determined by the S0 register. If S0 has been set to 0, the modem will not answer. Asign another value to S0 by entering the following command: S0=n, where n = the number of rings to occur before the call is answered (ATS0=2, the modem answers after two rings)

The modem always answers the phone.
Set the S0 register to 0. ATS0=0.

The communications software displays, "No Dialtone."
Make sure that your phone cable is working properly and that it is firmly seated to the phone socket at your phone jack and in the real panel of the modem.

A high pitched squeal is emitted from the external speakers
This phenomenon is "feedback" and occurs when the microphone is pointed at the external speaker or is close enough to pick up the speaker output. This may be remedied by using a unidirectional microphone, making sure that it is pointed away and as far from the speaker as functionally possible. Another option is to use a headset with an attached microphone.

Troubleshooting Tips for a New Motherboard

The following advice is based on many years of experience. They are provided as a free service to our customers and visitors. However, Directron.com is not responsible for any damage as a result of following any of these advises. You are welcome to distribute these tips free to your friends and associates as long as it's not for commercial purposes.

| Choose Motherboard | Motherboard Installation Guide |

More than 70% of all computer problems are related to cabling and connections. Ensure all cables are connected and connected firmly. IDE and floppy ribbon cables and power cables can often go loose. Ensure microprocessor, memory modules, and adapters such as video card are inserted correctly and didn't "pop-up" due to vibration.

System has no power at all. Power light does not illuminate, fan inside the power supply does not turn on, and indicator light on keyboard does not turn on.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Power cable is unplugged.	Visually inspect power cable.	Make sure power cable is securely plugged in.
Defective power cable.	Visual inspection, try another cable.	Replace cable.
Power supply failure.	Power cable and wall socket are OK, but system is still dead.	Contact technical support
Faulty wall outlet;circuit breaker or fuse blown.	Plug device into socket know to work and test.	Use different socket, repair outlet, reset circuit breaker or replace fuse.

System inoperative. Keyboard lights are on, power indicator lights are lit, and hard drive is spinning.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Expansion card is partially dislodged from expansion slot on the motherboard.	Turn off computer. Take cover off system unit. Check all expansion cards to ensure they are securely seated in slots.	Using even pressure on both ends of the expansion card, press down firmly on expansion card.
Defective floppy disk drive or tape drive.	Turn system off. Disconnect the cables from one of the floppy drives. Turn on the system, check to see if the keyboard operates normally. Repeat until you have located defective unit.	Contact Technical Support.
Defective expansion card.	Turn computer off. Remove an expansion card.	Make sure expansion card is secure in expansion socket.

System does not boot from hard disk drive, can be booted from floppy disk drive.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Connector between hard drive and system board unplugged.	When attempting to run the FDISK utility described in the HARD DISK section of the manual you get a message, INVALID DRIVE SPECIFICATION.	Check cable running form disk to disk controller on the board. Make sure both ends are securely plugged in; check the drive type in the Standard CMOS Setup (in your motherboard manual).
Damaged Hard Disk or Disk Controller.	Format hard disk; if unable to do so, the hard disk may be defective.	Contact Technical Support.
Hard Disk directory or FAT is scrambled.	Run the FDISK program, format the hard drive(See HARD DRIVE section of manual). Copy your backup data back onto hard drive.	Backing up the hard drive is extremely important. All Hard Disks are capable of breaking down at any time.

System only boots from Floppy Disk. Hard Disk can be read and applications can be used, but booting from Hard Disk is impossible.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Hard Disk boot program has been destroyed.	A number of causes could be behind this.	Back up data and applications files. Reformat the Hard Drive as described in the Hard Drive section of the manual. Re-install applications and data using backup disks.

Error message reading "SECTOR NOT FOUND" or other error messages indication certain data is not allowed to be retrieved.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
A number of causes could be behind this.	Use a file by file backup instead of an image backup to backup the Hard Disk.	Back up any salvageable data. Then do a low level format, partition, and high level format of the hard drive( see Hard Disk section of your manual for instructions). Re-install all saved data when completed.

Disk formatted on IBM PS/2 will not operate with this system.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
The IBM PS/2 uses a different format than other computers.	IBM PS/2 disk format will not work in an AT type computer.	Format disk in the AT type computer insert disk into the IBM PS/2 and copy the files you wish.

After install an expansion card (network card, tape drive card, etc.) the system no longer works properly.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
No power to monitor.	All or part of the system may be inoperable. The new card may work but a mouse or COM port may not work.	Change the interrupt or RAM address on the new expansion card. See the documentation that came with the new card in order to change pin settings. many expansion devices come with proprietary software that will assist you in doing this.

Screen message says "Invalid Configuration" or "CMOS Failure."

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Incorrect information entered into the configuration (setup) program.	Check the configuration program. Replace any incorrect information.	Review system's equipment. Make sure correct information is in setup.

Screen is blank.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
No power to monitor.	Power connectors may be loose or not plugged in.	Check the power connectors to monitor and to system. Make sure monitor is connected to display card, change I/O address on network card if applicable.
Monitor not connected to computer.		See instructions above.
Network card I/O address conflict.		See instructions above.

System does not boot from hard disk drive, can be booted from floppy disk drive.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Connector between hard drive and system board unplugged.	When attempting to run the FDISK utility described in the HARD DISK section of the manual you get a message, INVALID DRIVE SPECIFICATION.	Check cable running form disk to disk controller on the board. Make sure both ends are securely plugged in; check the drive type in the Standard CMOS Setup (in your

Problem

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Memory problem, display card jumpers not set correctly.		Reboot computer. Re-install memory, make sure that all memory modules are installed in correct sockets. Check jumper and switch settings on display card. See display card section for information of settings.
Computer virus.		Use anti-virus programs (McAfee/PC-cillin, E-port, etc) to detect and clean viruses.

Screen goes blank periodically.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Screen saver is enabled.		Disable screen saver.

Keyboard failure.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Keyboard is disconnected.		Reconnect keyboard. Check keys again, if no improvement, replace keyboard.

No color on screen.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Faulty Monitor.		If possible, connect monitor to another system. If no color, replace monitor.
CMOS incorrectly set up.		Call technical support.

Floppy drive lights stays on.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Floppy Drive cable not connected correctly.		Reconnect floppy cable making sure PIN1 on the Floppy Drive corresponds with PIN1 on floppy cable connector.

Error reading drive A:

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Bad floppy disk.		Try new floppy disk.
Floppy disk not formatted		Format floppy disk(type ENTER)

C: drive failure.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
SETUP program does not have correct information.		Boot from drive A: using DOS system disk. Input correct information to SETUP program.
Hard Drive cable not connected properly.		Check Hard drive cable.

Cannot boot system after installing second hard drive.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Master/Slave jumpers not set correctly.		Set master /Slave jumpers correctly.
Hard Drives not compatible / different manufacturers.		Run SETUP program and select correct drive types. Call drive manufactures for compatibility with other drives.

Missing operating system on hard drive.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
CMOS setup has been changed.		Run setup and select correct drive type.

Certain keys do not function.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Keys jammed or defective.		Replace keyboard.

Keyboard is locked, no keys function.

PROBABLE CAUSE	DIAGNOSIS	SOLUTION
Keyboard is locked.		Unlock keyboard

Troubleshooting Tips for New Monitors

Here are some basic trouble shooting tips for new monitors:

The picture does not appear

Check to make sure the signal cable is firmly connected in the socket.

Check to see if the computer system's power is ON.

Check that the Brightness Control is at the appropriate position, not at the minimum.

The Screen is not synchronized

Check to make sure the signal cable is firmly connected in the socket.

Check that the output level matches the input level of your computer.

Make sure the signal timing of the computer system is within the specification of the monitor.

The position of the screen is not in the center

Adjust the H-Size, H-Phase or V-Size, V-Center controls.

Check if the signal timing of the computer system is within the specification of the monitor.

The screen is too bright or too dark

Check if the Brightness or contrast control is at the appropriate position, not at the maximum or minimum.

Check if the specified voltage is applied

Check if the signal timing of the computer system is within the specification of the monitor.

Especially, check the horizontal frequency.

The screen is shaking

Move all objects that emit a magnetic field, such as a motor or transformer, away from the monitor.

Check if the specified voltage is applied.

Check if the signal timing of the computer system is within the specification of the monitor.

Clear Google online web historyClear Google online web history

Open Google.com.
In the top right corner of the screen click Settings and then Google Account settings. Note: If you're not logged in you'll need to log in before continuing.
Under My products click Web history as shown in the picture to the right.
In the Web history click the Remove items link in the left column.
Choose what you wish to clear or if you wish to clear all search queries click the Clear entire Web History.

Internet Explorer बाट File Menu लाई लुकाउन

१ Start \ Run \ Regedit
२ HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer
३ दाँया भागको खाली ठाउमा Right क्लिक गरी New Binary Value मा क्लिक गर्नुस् र नाम राखी दिनुस् NoFileMenu
४ Value लाई 01 00 00 00 राखी दिनुस्
५ कम्प्युटरलाई Reboot गर्नुस्

Desktop Cleanup Wizard लाई कन्ट्रोल गर्ने

Default मा Desktop Cleanup Wizard को पप अप हरेक ६० दिन पछि तपाईंको Desktop मा आउने गर्छ , यसलाई हटाउन चाहनु हुन्छ भने
१ Desktop मा Right क्लिक गर्नुस्
२ Properites मा जानुस्
३ Desktop Tab मा क्लिक गर्नुस्
४ Customize Desktop Button मा क्लिक गर्नुस्
५ Desktop Cleanup Wizard मा भएको टिक मार्कलाई हटाइदिनुस्

Task Manager लाई Enable या Disable गर्ने

१ Start \ Run \ Regedit
२ Regedit भित्र HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System
३ दाँया भागमा Right क्लिक गरेर New DwordValue बनाउनुस् र नाम राख्नुस् DisableTaskMgr
४ Task Manager Enable गर्नको लागि Value लाई 0 राखी दिनुस्
५ Disable गर्न को लागि Value 1 राख्नुस्

कम्प्युटरलाई Shutdown गर्ने Shortcut बनाउन

१ Desktop मा Right माउस क्लिक गर्नुस्
२ New \ Shortcut
३ नाम राख्नुस् rundll32.exe वा PowrProf.dll वा SetSuspendState यि तीन मध्य कुनै पनि एक नाम राख्नुस्
४ अब तपाईंले बनाउनु भएको यो Shortcut लाई तपाईंले क्लिक गर्नु भयो भने तपाईंको कम्प्युटर आँफै Shutdown हुनेछ

My Computer बाट Manage लाई Hide गर्न

१ Start \ Run \ Regedit खोल्नुस्
२ अब HKEY_CURRENT_USER / Software / Microsoft / Windows / CurrentVersion / Policies / Explorer
३ अब दाँया पट्टी खाली ठाउमा Right क्लिक गर्नुस् र New Dword Value मा क्लिक गर्नुस् । नाम राख्नुस् NoManageMyComputerVerb
४ Value Data लाई 1 राखी दिनुस्
५ computer लाई Reboot गर्नुस्

Folder लाई Invisible बनाउन

१ कुन Folder लाई Invisible बनाउन चाहनु भएको हो त्यो Folder लाई Highlight गर्नुस्
२ Right माउस क्लिक गर्नुस् र Rename मा क्लिक गर्नुस्
३ Alt कि लाई थिची 0160 टाईप गर्नुस्
४ तपाईंको Folder को नाम हराइसकेको हुनेछ
५ अब उक्त Folder लाई Right क्लिक गर्नुस् , Prperties \ Customize \ Change Icon मा क्लिक गर्नुस् ६ त्यहा थुप्रै Icon हरुको लिस्ट छ , Scroll Bar लाई अली अली गरेर सार्दै जानुस् , त्यहा केही खाली ठाउँ देख्ननु हुन्छ त्यो खाली ठाउलाई क्लिक गर्नुस् र ok,ok गर्नुस्
७ तपाईंको Folder अब गाएब भयो । अब त्यो Folder लाई तपाईंले मात्र थाहा पाउने ठाउमा लगेर राख्न सक्नु हुन्छ ।
८ तपाईंले फेरी अर्को Folder लाई पनि यस्तै गर्न चाहनु भयो भने errorrenaming file or folder भन्ने मेसेज आउछ त्यसको लागि अर्को Folder लाई Rename गर्दा एक चोटि Space बार थिचेर अनी Alt कि थिचेर 0160 राख्दा हुन्छ । यसै गरी अरु Folder हरु पनि यस्तै गरी बनाउन सक्नु हुन्छ ।

Desktop बाट Recycle Bin लाई हटाउन

१ Start मा क्लिक गर्नुस् अनी Run मा क्लिक गरेर Regedit टाइप गर्नुस् र Enter थिच्नुस्
२ त्यसपछि HKEY_Local_Macine \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ Current Version \ Explorer \ Desktop \ Namespace
३ Namespace को "+" मा क्लिक गर्नुस्
४ 645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E मा क्लिक गर्नुस्
५ दाँया पट्टीको Default लाई डबल क्लिक गर्नुस् र Value Data को Recycle Bin लाई हटाइदिनुस्
६ आफ्नो कम्प्युटरलाई Re Boot गर्नुस् ।

Scroll Bar को साइज(Width)बढाउने वा घटाऊनलाई

१ Desktop मा Right क्लिक गर्नुस् र Properties मा क्लिक गर्नुस्
२ Appearance Tab मा क्लिक गर्नुस्
३ Advanced Tab मा क्लिक गर्नुस्
४ Item मा Scrollbar चुज गर्नुस्
५ अब Size बढाउने हो या घटाऊने हो Amount राख्नुस्
६ ok , ok

Network Types

LAN - Local Area Network
WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
WAN - Wide Area Network
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
SAN - Storage Area Network, System Area Network, Server Area Network, or sometimes Small Area Network
CAN - Campus Area Network, Controller Area Network, or sometimes Cluster Area Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
DAN - Desk Area Network

Ethernet

Ethernet is a physical and data link layer technology for local area networks (LANs). Ethernet was invented by engineer Robert Metcalfe.

When first widely deployed in the 1980s, Ethernet supported a maximum theoretical data rate of 10 megabits per second (Mbps). Later, so-called "Fast Ethernet" standards increased this maximum data rate to 100 Mbps. Today, Gigabit Ethernet technology further extends peak performance up to 1000 Mbps.

Internet

A global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet is decentralized by design. Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent. Its operators can choose which Internet services to use and which local services to make available to the global Internet community. Remarkably, this anarchy by design works exceedingly well. There are a variety of ways to access the Internet. Most online services, such as America Online, offer access to some Internet services. It is also possible to gain access through a commercial Internet Service Provider (ISP).

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

Services

Paragon’s Drive Backup Express (Windows)

DriveImage XML (Windows)

CloneZilla (cross platform)

XXCLONE (Windows)

EASEUS Disk Copy (cross platform)

Disable Faronics DeepFreeze

Disable All Faronics Deep Freeze Services

Completely Remove Deep Freeze

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

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